Perception of the Young Adults towards the Portrayal of Women in Contemporary Indian Television Advertisements

© Media Watch 8 (3) 339-354, 2017
ISSN 0976-0911 e-ISSN 2249-8818
DOI: 10.15655/mw/2017/v8i1/49147
 

Perception of the Young Adults towards the Portrayal of Women in Contemporary Indian Television Advertisements

MADHUSMITA DAS & SANGEETA SHARMA
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, India
 
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to examine the perception of the audience regarding the portrayal of women in Indian TV advertisements and the perception difference among them on the basis of their gender. 125 young adults comprising of 63 males and 62 females were selected randomly as the sample for the study. Primary data was collected through the survey method with the help of structured questionnaire. The study explored that majority of the respondents agreed that women in Indian TV advertisements are mostly depicted as young and beautiful, and rarely shown enjoying equal status with men and as professionals. They were not feeling much uncomfortable towards the sexual portrayal of women in advertisements. The study further revealed that gender has a great influence on the perception of the audience regarding the portrayal of women in Indian TV advertisements. Female in comparison to male were found to be more critical about the portrayal of women in Indian TV advertisements.
 
Keywords: TV advertisements, portrayal of women, perception, young adult, gender
 
References
 
Adhikari, S. (2014). Media and Gender Stereotyping: The need for Media Literacy. International Research Journal of Social Science, 3(8), 43- 49.
Ali, S., & Shahwar, D. (2011). The representation of men and women in the advertisements of Pakistani electronic media. Journal of Media and Communication Studies, 3(4), 151-159.
Archana, K., & Joshi, H. (2015). Gender Stereotyped Portrayal of Women in the Media: Perception and Impact on Adolescent. IOSR Journal Of Humanities and Social Science, 20 (4), 44-52.
Aruna, Kotwal, N., & Sahni, S. (2008). Perception of Adolescents Regarding Portrayal of Women in Commercial Advertisements on TV. Journal of Social Science,17(2),121-126.
Asemah, E. S., Edegoh, L. O., & Ojih, E. U. (2013). Audience perception of the Portrayal of Women in TV Advertising. An International Journal of Language, Literature and Gender Studies, 2(1), 21-37.
Bard wick, J., & Schumann, S. (1967). Portrait of American men and women in TV commercials. Psychology, 4(4),18-23.
Channa, S. M. (2007). The Ideal Indian woman: Social Imagination and lived Realities. In K. Mishra & J. H. Lowry (Eds.), Recent Studies on Indian Women: Empirical Work of Social Scientists (pp. 46-48). New Delhi : Rawat Publications.
Chisholm, S. (2014). Gender and Advertising: How Gender Shapes Meaning. In K. B. Sheehan (Ed.), Controversies in Contemporary Advertising (pp.89-111). New Delhi : Sage publication.
Cohen J. W. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New Jersey: Lawrenced Erlbaum Associates.
Daechun, A. (2013). Transnational Research Journal Effects of feminine role orientation on perceived gender role offensiveness in advertising: A Korean perspective. Universal Journal of Marketing and Business Research, 2(2), 23-34.
Dang, J., & Vohra, N. (2005). Role portrayals of men and women in Indian television advertising. Abhigyan, 23(1), 36–44.
Das, M., & Sharma, S. (2016). Fetishizing Women: Advertising in Indian Television and its Effects on Target Audiences. Journal of International Women studies, 18(1), 114-132.
Das, M. (2000). Men and women in Indian magazine advertisements: A preliminary report. Sex Roles, 43 (9), 699–717.
Das, M. (2011). Gender Role Portrayal in Indian Television Ads. Sex Roles, 64(3/4), 208 -222.
Dominelli, L. (2007). Women and Community Action. Jaipur: Rawat Publication.
Dwivedy, A. K., Patnaik, P., & Suar, D. (2009a). Audience Response to Gender Role Portrayals in Indian Advertisements. Journal of Creative Communications, 4(2), 65–85.
Dwivedy, A. K., Patnaik, P., & Suar, D. (2009b). Role portrayals of men and women in print ads. Psychological Studies, 54(3), 171– 183.
Fathima, K. N. (2013). Role of Women in Promoting Products – With Reference to TV Ads. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 3(7), 417-418
Ford, J. B., Voli, P.K., & Clarke, I. (2004). A prescriptive essay concerning sex role portrayals in international advertising contexts. American Business Review. 22(1), 42-55.
Furnham, A., & Saar, A. (2005). Gender-role stereotyping in adult and children’s television advertisements: A two-study comparison between Great Britain and Poland. Communications, 30, 73–90.
Furnham, A., & Farragher, E. (2000). A cross-cultural content-analysis of sex-role stereotyping in television advertisements: A comparison between Great Britain and New Zealand. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 44, 415–436
Furnham, A., & Mak, T. (1999), “Sex role stereotyping in Telvision Commercial : A Review and Comparison of Fourteen Studies dawn on Five continents over twenty five years. Sex roles, 41(5/6), 413-437.
Goffman, E. (1979). Gender advertisements. New York : Harper/Colophon.
Grazer, W. F., & Keesling, G. (1995). The Effect of Print Advertising’s Use of Sexual Themes on Brand Recall and Purchase Intention : A product specific investigation of Male Responses. Journal of Applied Business Research, 11(3), 47-58.
Gupta, O. (2012). Advertising in India:Trends and Impact. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications.
Hair, F. J., Black, C. W., Badin, N. J., Anderson, E. R., & Tatham, R. L. (2007). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.). New Joursey: Pearson Education Inc.
Hewstone, M., Fincham, F. D., & Foster, J. (2005). Psychology. Blackwell Publishing, available at http://www.blackwellpublishing.com /intropsych/ pdf/chapter10.pdf Access on March 25, 2016.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values. Beverly Hills CA: Sage Publication.
Holtzhausen, T., Joordan, Y., & North, E.J. (2011). The portrayal of women in South African television commercials. Southern African Business Review,15 (3), 167-183
Ibroscheva, E. (2007). Caught between east and west? Portrayals of gender in Bulgarian television advertisements. Sex Roles, 57 (5), 409–418
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36.
Kim, K., & Lowry, D. (2005). Television Commercial as a Lagging Social Indicator : Gender Role Stereotypes in Korean Television Advertising. Sex Roles, 53(11/12), 901-910.
Kumar, R. (2005). Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners. London: Sage Publications.
Lundstrom, W. J., & Sciglimpaglia, D. (1977). Sex Role Portrayals in Advertising. Journal of Marketing Association, 41(3), 72-79.
Macieijewski, J. J. (2004). Is the use of sexual and fear appeals ethical? A moral evaluation by generation Y college students. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 26, 97-105.
Mask, L. & Blachard C.M. (2011). The effects of “thin ideal” media on women’s body image concerns and eating-related intentions: The beneficial role of an autonomous regulation of eating behaviors. Body Image, 8, 357-365
Matlin, M. W. (1987). The Psychology of Women. Orlando & Florida: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston Inc.
Menon, P., Punkambekar, S., & Bhatia, S. (2015). Gender Stereotyping in Advertising and its Consequences & Effects on its Audience. Samvad, 9, 59-64.
Milner, L. M., & Higgs, B. (2004). Gender sex-role portrayals in international television advertising over time: The Australasian experience. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 26, 81–95.
Mishra, A. D. (1999). Gender Perspective: Participation, Empowerment and Development, New Delhi: Radha Publication.
Morris, P. K., & Nichols, K. (2013). Conceptualizing Beauy: A Content Analysis of U.S. and French Women’s Fashion Magazine Advertisements. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 3(1), 49 -74.
Munshi, S. (1998). Wife/mother/daughter-in/law: Multiple avatars of homemaker in 1990s Indian advertising. Media, Culture and Society, 20, 573–591.
Nagi, P. (2014). Projection of Women in Advertisement: A Gender Perception Study. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research, 2(9),75-88.
Neto, F., & Pinto, I. (1998). Gender stereotypes in Portuguese television advertisements. Sex Roles. 39 (1/2), 153-164.
Overgaard, L. (2010). An analysis of Indian Culture in an Era of Globalisation. Available at: http://pure.au.dk/portal/files/13754/236687.pdf.
Pandya, R. (2008), Women in Changing India. New Delhi: Serials Publications.
Plakoyiannaki, E., & Zotos, Y. (2009). Female role stereotypes in print Advertising : Identifying associations with magazine and product categories. European Journal of Marketing, 43(11/12), 1411-1434.
Rajagopal, I., & Gales, J. (2002). It’s the Image That is Imperfect: Advertising and its Impact on women. Economic and Political weekly, 37(32), 3333- 3337.
Reichert, T., & Lambiase, J. (1999). Beef Cake or Cheese Cake? No Matter How You Slice It Sexual Explicitness in Advertising Continues. Journalism and mass communication quarterly, 76, 7-20.
Reichert, T., Heckler, S. E., & Jackson, S. (2001). The Effect of Sexual Social Marketing Appeals on Cognitive Processing and Persuasion. Journal of Advertising,30(1), 13-27.
Schaffter, S. J. (2006), Privileging the privileged: Gender in Indian advertising. New Delhi: Promilla & Co.
Shields, V. R., & Heinecken, D. (2002). Measuring Up: How Advertising Affects Self-Image. Philadelphia : Univesity of Pennsylvania press.
Shyama, K., & Shivani, S. (2015). Mapping the Portrayal of Females in Contemporary Indian Advertisements. Media Watch, 6(2), 173-187.
Sukumar, S. (2014). People Perception Towards The Portrayal of Women In Advertisements: A Study With Special Reference to The Bangalore City. Indian Journal of Research, 3(2), 183-185.
Traflinger, R. F. (1996). Taking Advantage You and Me, Bebe: Sex and advertising. Washington State University, Available at :www.wsu.edu:8080/,taflinge/sex.html, Access on December 23, 2015
Trivedi, T. (2014). Women in Advertising. New Delhi : Jnanada Prakashan publishing house.
Venkatesan, M., & Losco, J. (1975). Women in Magazine Ads: 1959-71. Journal of Advertising Research,15, 49-54.
Wells, W., Burnett, J., & Moriarty, S. (2003), Advertising principle and practice (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
Wolf, N. (2002). The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women. New York: Harper Perennia.
Wright, J. S., & Warner, D. S. (1966). Advertising (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw –Hill Inc.
Yakkaldevi, A. (2014). Portrayal of Women in Indian Media. Review of literature, 1(8), 1-4.
Zimmerman, A., & Dalberg, J. (2008). The Sexual Objectification of Women In Advertising: A Contemporary Cultural perspective. Journal of Advertising Research, 48(1), 71-79.
Zotos, Y. C., & Lysonski, S. (1994). Gender representations: The case of Greek magazine advertisements. Journal of Euromarketing, 3, 27-47.
 
 
Dr. Madhusmita Das recently finished her Ph.D from Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, Rajasthan. Her research interest includes advertisements and gender issues.
Prof. Sangeeta Sharma is an associate professor in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani. Apart from advertising, her areas of interest include technical communication, linguistics, and business communication.